Everything about Mathias Holy Roman Emperor totally explained
Matthias (
February 24 1557 -
March 20 1619) of the House of
Habsburg reigned as
Holy Roman Emperor from 1612-1619, as King of
Hungary from 1608-1619 (as Matthias II), and as King of
Bohemia from 1611-1617.
Matthias was born in the
Austrian capital of
Vienna to
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and
Maria of Spain.
Matthias married
Archduchess Anna of Austria, daughter of his uncle Archduke
Ferdinand II of Austria, whose successor in
Further Austria Matthias became in 1595. Their marriage didn't produce surviving children.
In 1593 he was appointed governor of Austria by his brother, Emperor
Rudolf II. He formed a close association there with the Bishop of Vienna,
Melchior Klesl, who later became his chief adviser. In 1605 Matthias forced the ailing emperor to allow him to deal with the
Hungarian Protestant rebels. The result was the
Peace of Vienna of 1606, which guaranteed religious freedom in Hungary. In the same year Matthias was recognized as head of the House of
Habsburg and as the future Holy Roman Emperor, as a result of Rudolf's illness. Allying himself with the estates of Hungary, Austria, and
Moravia, Matthias forced his brother to yield rule of these lands to him in 1608; Rudolf later ceded
Bohemia in 1611.
After Matthias's accession as Holy Roman Emperor, his policy was dominated by Klesl, who hoped to bring about a compromise between
Catholic and Protestant states within the
Holy Roman Empire in order to strengthen it. Matthias had already been forced to grant religious concessions to Protestants in Austria and Moravia, as well as in Hungary, when he'd allied with them against Rudolf.
His conciliatory policies were opposed by the more intransigent Catholic Habsburgs, particularly Matthias's brother
Archduke Maximilian, who hoped to secure the succession for the inflexible Catholic Archduke Ferdinand (later Emperor
Ferdinand II). The start of the
Bohemian Protestant revolt in 1618 provoked Maximilian to imprison Klesl and revise his policies. Matthias, old and ailing, was unable to prevent a takeover by Maximilian's faction. Ferdinand, who had already been crowned King of Bohemia (1617) and of Hungary (1618), succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor. Matthias died in Vienna.
Ancestors
Names in other languages: ; ; ; ; ; ;
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